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HOW TO BEST READ CLARK'S ORIGINAL ESSAYS:

CLARK'S WEB PAGES

THE GREAT CLIMATE SURPRISE (03/26/2024)
PORK-BARREL ASTRONOMY (02/28/2024)
BEYOND THE MULTIVERSE (01/31/2024)
LIKE CURES LIKE (12/26/2023)
SOLAR CORE AND PHOTOSPHERE (11/22/2023)
SOLAR NEUTRINOS AND PHOTONS (10/22/2023)
SIZE OF THE UNIVERSE (08/26/2023)
FAKE MULTIVERSES (08/11/2023)
MAGNETISM AND GRAVITY (06/21/2023)
FRAMES OF REFERENCE (05/18/2023)
SPOOKY SENSES (04/24/2023)
ITALY ICE AGE MYSTERY (04/06/2023)
LONG COVID THERAPY (03/31/2023)
TIPS TO IMPROVE YOUR SCIENCE (03/19/2023)
SEE THE REMNANT STAR OF BETHLEHEM (03/01/2023)
THE PHYSICS PARADOX (02/15/2023)
THE GREAT FILTER THEORY (01/14/2023)
FUSION CONFUSION (12/31/2022)
THE OVERLOOK EFFECT (10/31/2022)
SENTIENCE AND AI ROBOTICS (09/27/2022)
BLUE STRAGGLER STARS (08/31/2022)
STRONG AND WEAK CORRELATIONS (08/19/2022)
IS "BIG PARTICLE PHYSICS" DYING? (06/24/2022)
SURPRISING NEW METEOR SHOWER (06/06/2022)
PHOTOELECTRICITY AND ABSOLUTE ZERO (05/19/2022)
ZERO AND INFINITY (04/22/2022)
HOW TO OBSERVE QUASARS (03/13/2022)
BRIGHT BLACK HOLES and BRIGHT DARK MATTER (02/28/2022)
NOVAS AND PLANETARIES (02/15/2022)
PERFECT VERSUS GOOD IN SCIENCE (01/27/2022)
DIET THERAPY FOR ALTERNATING HEMIPLEGIA OF CHILDHOOD (12/25/2021)
SISYPHUS IN HADES (11/22/2021)
KING CNUT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY (11/08/2021)
TRAPPIST-1 STAR SYSTEM (10/13/2021)
QUANTUM GRAVITY WAVES (10/02/2021)
ONE HAND CLAPPING (09/19/2021)
TIME AND MEANINGFUL TIME (09/07/2021)
GRAVITONS EXPLAINED (08/16/2021)
Space Billionaire Fantasies (07/27/2021)
MAGICAL WORMHOLES (07/12/2021)
MUONS AND NEW PHYSICS (07/04/2021)
UNIDENTIFIED AERIAL PHENOMENA (06/11/2021)
DARKNESS AND LIGHT (04/27/2021)
The Intelligence Paradox (02/25/2021)
Cause and Effect Reconsidered (01/31/2021)
Fragments of Energy (12/29/2020)
Freedom TO and Freedom FROM (11/28/2020)
Life After Death (10/15/2020)
SUNS NEAR AND FAR (09/04/2020)
Stuttering Cure (08/26/2020)
Magical Thinking (08/20/2020)
SLASH COVID-19 DEATHS (07/08/2020)
HYPERKEYSTONE SPECIES (06/10/2020)
REAL BEAUTY (05/29/2020)
UNIVERSAL ANISOTROPY EXPLAINED (05/04/2020)
Comets and Disasters (04/14/2020)
MARTIAN VIRUSES AND SPACE COWBOYS (04/02/2020)
MARS CITIES NEVER (01/09/2020)
BLACK HOLE GRAVITY EXPLAINED (12/24/2019)
WHY GALAXY M110 IS VERY PECULIAR (11/18/2019)
WHAT HAPPENED TO VENUS (10/07/2019)
Asteroids and Climate Crisis (08/08/2019
Anthropology One Million AD (07/20/2019)
FASTER DARK ENERGY (07/01/2019)
Avoid Bright Satellites (06/05/2019)
WHAT THE BLACK HOLE IMAGE REVEALS (05/01/2019)
UNFORESEEN EXTINCTION (04/22/2019)
GLOBAL WARMING OCEANS (03/14/2019)
Butterfly Effect Climatology (03/01/2019)
ACCELERATING CLIMATE CHANGE (02/09/2019)
BEYOND THE FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDER (01/31/2019)
Mystical Law and Science (12/24/2018)
OUR UNIVERSE IS NOT THE UNIVERSE (10/19/2018)
ENTANGLED QUASAR PHOTONS (09/20/2018)
What Killed Attila the Hun? (07/28/2018)
QUANTA AND GENERAL RELATIVITY (07/12/2018)
The Dark Forest Theory (06/22/2018)
Religion and Math (06/09/2018)
BLACK HOLE INFORMATION PARADOX (04/16/2018)
HAWKING'S SCIENTIFIC LEGACY (03/19/2018)
SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND THE MULTIVERSE (02/26/2018)
Dwarf and Large Galaxies (02/05/2018)
Culture and Geniuses (01/17/2018)
Boiling Frogs (12/14/2017)
NEW PHYSICS and THE SOLAR CORONA (11/09/2017)
Hospital Story (09/15/2017)
STRING TYPES (09/14/2017)
AIDS.virus.discovery (08/29/2017)
How to Time Travel (08/03/2017)
AI and HI (07/26/2017)
SAVING LIVES (06/27/2017)
LIGHT SPEED (05/24/2017)
2D is 3D (04/26/2017)
THE DIPOLE REPELLER EXPLAINED (03/15/2017)
My First Scientific Experiment (03/02/2017)
How the Big Dinosaurs Perished (02/12/2017)
ANTIMATTER (01/06/2017)
Ball Lightning: My Experience (12/11/2016)
CORRELATION AND CAUSATION (10/19/2016)
The Next 100+ Years (06/29/2016)
LIGO and GENERAL RELATIVITY (5/12/2016)
COURAGE TO LOVE (book by Amanda Thomas) (2016)
SPOOKY VISION (01/09/2016)
EVIDENCE FOR MULTIVERSE (12/12/2015)
QUASARS AND MINI-QUASARS (10/31/2015)
CLOUD-CASTLE ASTROPHYSICS (8/30/2015)
WHY SPIRAL GALAXIES DIFFER (8/12/2015)
GRAVITIES, BLACK HOLES, AND BIG BANGS (6/10/2015)
THE UNIVERSE AND ITS UNIVERSES (5/22/2015)
THE REAL THEORY OF EVERYTHING (slide show download) (3/16/2015)
ADVENTURES IN ASTRONOMY (slide show download) (3/4/2015)
THE ALLAIS EFFECT RESOLVED (2015)
TIME'S ARROW (2015)
Zeno and the Sufis (2015)
Black Holes and Dark Matter (2014)
GRAVITON GRAVITY vs. GENERAL RELATIVITY (2014)
TESTING GRAVITY THEORIES (2014)
GRAVITON COMPONENTS (2014)
SEEING THE UNSEEABLE (2014)
Why Ethers Don't Exist (2014)
Is Occupied Space Infinite? (2014)
Are we holograms? (2014)
Stella: Sol's sister found (May 10, 2014)
HAWKING'S BLACK HOLE ERRORS (2014)
PHOTONS (2014)
SUPERSYMMETRY FAILS (2013)
How to image comets (2013)
Mars Colonies: vanity vs. reality (2013)
WIMPS are wimpy (2013)
Caldwell objects found (2013)
UFOS: what we meet (2013)
HUMANS AND COMPHUMANS [book] (1995)
THE REAL "GOD PARTICLE" (2013)
DO GRAVITONS HAVE MASS? (2013)
CURIOSITY vs. HUMANS (2012)
QUANTUM GRAVITY (2012)
SIX COSMOLOGICAL FALLACIES (2007)
THE UNIVERSE BEYOND THE MULTIVERSE (2012)
WHAT IS DARK MATTER? (2012)
LIFE ON WANDERING PLANETS (2012)
SETI and Battleship (2012)
Space colonization? (2011)
Astronomy in 2030 (2011)
ARP'S LOOP IS NOT WHAT IT SEEMS (2011)
Fleas and sunspots (2011)
JWST vs. CanariCam (2011)
FEELING THE SPEED OF LIFE (2010)
Stars and flowers (2010)
RMS Titanic and the Moon (2010)
UFOs & nukes (2010)
Are we at the center of the universe? (2010)
Star of Bethlehem (first essay)
Star of Bethlehem: fact or fiction (2009)
Astronomy and global warming (2009)
COMPHUMANS IN SPACE (2009)
MARTIAN METEORITE (2009)
Hypergiant star KY Cygni (2009)
SURVIVE SWINE FLU & BIRD FLU [book] (2006/2009)
Where and when did life begin? (2008)
RVAS new member links (2008)
MUSLIM METEORITE (2007)
Zenastronomy (2007)
Flags and Stars (2007)
Einstein's astronomy of the mind (2007)
HONEST RELIGION IN THE 21ST CENTURY [book] (2005/2006)
BIG LICK GALAXY GROUP (2005)
INSIDE BLACK HOLES (2005)
Head lights and star lights (2005)
Omnipotent deceiver vs. astronomers (2005)
LIFE IN DARK SOLAR SYSTEMS (1997)
Relativity beyond Einstein (1996)
Conversations With Adam [book] (1996)
THE AMERICAN EUTOPIA [book] (1974)

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BEST OF THE BEST

PICTURE OF THE DAY ARCHIVE
COSMOS Encyclopedia of Astronomy
SPACE NEWS
EARTHSKY
GRAVITON GRAVITY vs. GENERAL RELATIVITY (2014)
TESTING GRAVITY THEORIES (2014)
GRAVITON COMPONENTS (2014)
SEEING THE UNSEEABLE (2014)
AN ATLAS OF THE UNIVERSE
SCALE OF THE UNIVERSE
ILLUSTRIS UNIVERSE SIMULATION
TIMELINE OF THE UNIVERSE
QUARKS TO QUASARS
SPACE REPORTER
LIGHT POLLUTION ATLAS/GOOGLE OVERLAY
DEEPSKYPEDIA
IS THE UNIVERSE INFINITE? (video)
THE VERY LARGE TELESCOPE
STAR SIZE COMPARISONS
TIME MAGAZINE: SPACE AND ASTRONOMY
OVER ONE MILLION ASTRONOMY ARTICLES
SPACE.COM
WIKISKY
SKYFACTORY
GOOGLE SKY
UNIVERSE TODAY
FOXNEWS SPACE CENTER
SKYHOUND
ADVENTURES IN DEEP SPACE
ALADIN PREVIEWER
DEEP SKY BROWSER
NASA
SPITZER'S INFRARED MILKY WAY
HUBBLESITE
CLEAR SKY CLOCK
ASTRONOMICAL LEAGUE OBSERVING CLUBS
HAWAIIAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY'S DEEP SKY ATLAS
MARTINDALE'S REFERENCE DESK
DEEP SKY DATABASE
VIEWS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
CASSINI-HUYGENS
MARS INTRODUCTION
2MASS ATLAS IMAGE GALLERY
THE MESSIER CATALOG
BAD ASTRONOMY
ENCYCLOPEDIA ASTRONAUTICA
NOVA - ORIGINS
ASTROWEB
LIVESCIENCE
CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN N. AMERICA
S&T's INTERACTIVE OBSERVING TOOLS
WHY SCIENTISTS DISMISS 'INTELLIGENT DESIGN'
DIGITAL UNIVERSE VIEWER
NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE
DARK MATTER DETECTED BEYOND OUR OBSERVABLE UNIVERSE
SCITECH DAILY RESOURCES
CONVERT ANYTHING TO ANYTHING ELSE
OPEN DIRECTORY - ASTRONOMY LINKS
NEW SCIENTIST - ASTRONOMY AND COSMOLOGY
STSCI DIGITIZED SKY SURVEY

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NEWEST LINKS

How the universe would look in different wavelengths (2016)
Top 150 Space Facts (2016)
Awesome 2017 Solar Eclipse (2016)
Observing Pluto and other Solar System Objects (2016)
Mars Looked Like Earth (2016)
Jupiter's Giant Light Show (2016)
Live astronomy cams and resources
Teaching astronomy and space videos
Sky Marvels
Physics calculators
Eyepieces
EARTHSKY
Moon phases explained
Deep sky objects browser
EARTHSKY
Universe's largest structure
We'll find ET by 2037 (video)
LIGHT POLLUTION ATLAS/GOOGLE OVERLAY
Space station video in real time
Big Lick Galaxy Group
Open star clusters
ILLUSTRIS UNIVERSE SIMULATION
The Cosmic Web (video)
SPACE REPORTER
LittleBits NASA space kit
Curiosity Busy at Work on Mars
AFM*Radio on Astronomy.FM
COSMOS: A Spacetime Odyssey
Society for the History of Astronomy (England)
History of astronomy
Intelligent alien life should be found by 2040
Gravity formula
Your weight on other worlds
Geometry of the universe
Mars One promo images
James Web construction photos
PlanetQuest search for another Earth
Space quotations
Why the world is awesome in 60 facts
Time domain astronomy
Views of the Solar System by Damian Peach
The Herschel 400 (NGC 40 - NGC 2419)
Electron's shapeliness challenges supersymmetry
Iridium flares
Heavens-Above
Gaia space telescope's billion pixels
How to image comets (2013)
Comet chasing
Yoshida's comet site
500 years of great comets
DARPA mirror-killing membrane could change astronomy
North Pole stars over the ages
Birth of black hole witnessed
How and when the Moon's surface features were created
Rotating Moon from LRO
Mercury chaser's calculator
Minima of Algol calculator
The Outer Limits Galaxy: NGC 891, a.k.a. Caldwell 23
Gravity formulas
Tens of billions of planets like Earth
Spectra of stars
Stellar magnitudes and more
Dark matter hunt nears final phase
Caldwell objects found
EarthSky
DEEPSKYPEDIA
MW black hole erupted 2 million yrs ago
Atacama Array complete
LIGHT POLLUTION ATLAS (2006)
Space humor
Comet rained fire on Sahara desert
Evolution of our Solar System
Moon information
Supervolcanoes on Mars
Meteorites in Antarctica
Habitable zone calculator
IS THE UNIVERSE INFINITE? (video)
Pluto collapsing atmosphere
Globular clusters and dark matter
Zombie comet
Are we from Mars?
Why we might not live on the Moon
Voyager 1 has left the solar system
Five reasons we might live in a multiverse
Photons may last a million trillion years
Alien life & exoplanets
Mars' lost atmosphere
For educators | NASA
BBC Future - Science & Environment
NASA's IRIS telescope images Sun's atmosphere
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)
15 things you probably do not know about Star Trek
60 BILLION alien planets in MW could support life
Solar System's tail video
3-D of our cosmic neighborhood
Ring Nebula is not a ring
STAR SIZE COMPARISONS
Acceleration, 0 to 669,600,000 MPH at 1G
Simple theory for Dark Matter
30-meter telescope on Mauna Kea
Saturn Viewer 2.8
Before the Big Bang?
Omega Centauri globular cluster
'Cold spot' in very fabric of cosmos
2017 mission to search for life on distant planets
PHOTOPIC SKY SURVEY
THE REAL "GOD PARTICLE"
Impact: Earth!
Alma telescope: Ribbon cut on astronomical giant
Star appears older than the universe
Light years blogs
Atomic physics resources
"Goldilocks zone" redefined
David Reneke's Space and Astronomy News
Do robots rule the galaxy?
The Moon's tortured past
Drake equation: How many alien civilizations exist?
TIMELINE OF THE UNIVERSE
Spot the Space Station (NASA app)
"Bland" Uranus atmosphere anything but
This week's stargazing tips
Planets of our solar system
Worldwide list of dissident scientists
Warp drive may be possible
Landing people on Mars: 5 obstacles
Supernova photos
Atomic physics resources
Astronomy and space sites
Curious skywatcher
Euclid telescope to probe dark universe
Astronomy and space sites
Ten images of Venus
Space quizzes
Scale of the Universe
Online Messier marathon
Space Station finder
Our galaxy's next supernova
How plants have shaped earth
Gravitational lensing
What happened before the big bang?
ESO - The Very Large Telescope
Galactic center research
Venus transit of the Sun in 2012
Beautiful video from the space station
Planet and star sizes
Are we alone?
Heirs to the Shuttle
Nine who should have gone into orbit
Hunt for massive hidden object in space
Are those colors for real?
Nova vs. supernova
Number of atoms in the universe
A dark matter disk in our galaxy
If the Earth stopped spinning
Space quotations
Methods of detecting extrasolar planets
Learning astronomy.com
NASA: Near-Earth Object Program
How the Oort Cloud may have formed
Moon phases calendar
Stellar magnitudes
Eyepiece designs
Do the meek inherit the galaxy?
Take a "Swift" Tour of M31
Meteorite with 14,000 organic compounds
WIYN galaxy images
Einstein Cross
Solar Dynamics Observatory
Mass extinction underway
SHADOW AND SUBSTANCE
Hottest Messier links
Popular Science: astronomy
Steve Gottlieb's NGC notes
Earth Impact Database

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COSMOLOGY AND BLACK HOLES

SPITZER'S INFRARED MILKY WAY
COSMOS: A Spacetime Odyssey
Observable universe
Cosmic microwave background
Neutrino
Subatomic particles
Why is the universe flat and not spherical?
Flat universe
Cosmic coincidence
The large stuff (video)
How small is an atom? (video)
Dark matter (video)
Gravitational waves (Infographic)
'Cosmic inflation' discovery supports Big Bang
Gravitational waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background
Inside a neutron star
Big bounce
Nobel Prize for Big Bang data
Gravitational lensing
What happened before the big bang?
Einstein's theory fights off challengers
Nobel Prize for Big Bang data
Quasi-periodic oscillations
Gravitomagnetism
Schwarzschild metric (black holes)
Radio signals from first stars in the Universe?
Milky Way a swifter spinner and more massive
Black holes preceded galaxies
Stars orbiting MW black hole
Other universes may be detectable
Gravity on the Web
Graphite whiskers, not Dark Energy?
New light on dark energy
Supercomputer confirms standard model
Cosmic microwave background radiation
Gravitational singularity
Timeline of the Big Bang
Smallest black hole found
Black hole expelled from galaxy
The view 100 billion years from now
Hints of 'time before Big Bang'
Gamma-ray space telescope launched
Recycled Universe theory
New black hole mysteries
How to image exoplanet oceans
HyperPhysics
PANSPERMIA: OUR COSMIC ANCESTRY?
NED WRIGHT'S COSMOLOGY TUTORIAL
Wayne Hu's cosmology
Cambridge relativity and cosmology
The origin of life
M stars and life
The anthropic principle
Galaxy find stirs Big Bang debate
Milky Way formed soon after Big Bang
Black holes and beyond
Nearby black holes
Cosmology calculators
Recent gamma-ray burst in Milky Way
Three views of black holes
Black hole swallows neutron star
Chandra charts impact of dark energy
Proof of dark matter
New evidence for dark energy
Infant exoplanet
Dark matter in clumps
Rubber band model for dark energy
Virtual trips to black holes and neutron stars
Hawking unveils new thinking on black holes
Colossal space diamond
End of the cosmic dark ages
Black hole sound waves
Cosmology since 1900
QUARKS TO QUASARS
The red shift controversy
Speed of light is not slowing
Neutron stars
Geminga
Small universe after all?
String theory hanging on by a thread

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EVENTS AND MOVING TARGETS

UNIVERSAL WORKSHOP
Sun and Moon Partial Eclipse from Space (2017)
China's Space Program (2016)
The Open Supernova Catalog
Supernova in M74
Latest Bright Supernovae
Live astronomy cams and resources
Deep sky objects browser
EARTHSKY
This week in space
Saturn daily
Moon daily
Mystery of the northern lights solved
Asteroid occultation predictions
S&T's INTERACTIVE OBSERVING TOOLS
View the space station overhead
ECLIPSES: SUN, MOON, PLANETS
Human space flight realtime data
Brighter Space Station may rival Venus
Saturn Viewer 2.6
Jupiter observing guide
Transit times of Jupiter's Great Red Spot
Jupiter moons tracker
BAA comet section
OBSERVING SATURN
SETI@home getting a boost
Virgin Galactic space tourism
Messier marathons
SOLAR AND LUNAR ECLIPSES
MINOR PLANET OBSERVER
OBSERVABLE COMETS
Near-Earth Object Program
Asteroid data services
Minima of Algol
Cassini mission
Meteor shower basics
AURORAS
HOURLY AURORAL ACTIVITY
Cometography
SPACE WEATHER (NWS)
Real-time weather data
Jetstream loop (upper air turbulence)

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FOR BEGINNERS AND EVERYBODY ELSE

SURPRISING NEW METEOR SHOWER (06/06/2022)
WHAT HAPPENED TO VENUS (10/07/2019)
NASA and the origins of life
What is the speed of dark?
COSMOS Encyclopedia of Astronomy
Avoid Bright Satellites (06/05/2019)
Digital Photography for Beginners
Star in a Star: Learning Astronomy, Teaching Astronomy (2018)
Beginner's Guide (2018)
UNIVERSAL WORKSHOP
Excellent Dark Skies Binoculars
How the Big Dinosaurs Perished (02/12/2017)
Tyson video on universe misconceptions (2016)
Europa's Subsurface Ocean (2016)
Love the Night Sky (2016)
Scout Links (2015)
Teaching astronomy and space videos
Sky Marvels
Physics calculators
Eyepieces
25 college observatories
Asterisms
Planetariums
Precession of the equinoxes
Astronomy vs. astrology
Night Sky Network
Hubble ultra deep field in 3-D
JACK HORKHEIMER'S STAR GAZER VIDEOS
STARDATE
How alien astronomers would see us
Milky Way vs. Andromeda
MILKY WAY GALAXY
Giant ring around Milky Way
50 best sights in astronomy
Optical illusions and visual phenomena
Einstein's astronomy of the mind
Why seasons start on different dates
Flags and Stars
Stars
YouTube - How Small is Earth?
YouTube - We are small
The Solar System
Did life begin in comets?
PANSPERMIA: OUR COSMIC ANCESTRY?
Where and when did life begin?
Meteorite central
Mars meteorites
Comets have complex origins
Cosmic mystery tour
Ten surprising things about Earth
Astronomy pronunciation guide
Free astronomy software
Boy Scouts astronomy merit badge
Youngest person to discover a supernova
Space calendar (JPL)
Astrobiology: the living universe
Hall of astronomers
PLANETARY MISSIONS
Astronomical basis of calendars, history
Native American astronomy
Chinese astrology and zodiac
ARCHAEOASTRONOMY
Creationism archive
Astrology defense kit
Astronomy notes
Sky View Cafe
SPECTRAL TYPES OF STARS
Amateur Astronomy Magazine
Your weight on another planet
WOMEN IN SCIENCE LINKS
WOMAN ASTRONOMERS
Anousheh Ansari, space tourist
Constellation families
CONSTELLATION ABBREVIATIONS
Constellations in different languages
Constellations list
Graphics of constellations
Visual satellite observation
ASTRONOMY GLOSSARY
Life-swapping scenarios for Earth and Mars
New view of our solar system
Earth seen at night from space
Here comes Andromeda
OUR PLACE IN MILKY WAY
North magnetic pole heading for Siberia
ASTRONOMY LINKS FOR KIDS
Astronomy resources for kids
StarChild: Learning for young astronomers
Galileo craft's achievements
Observing Jupiter to understand Earth
Virtual trips to black holes and neutron stars
Asteroid impact effects calculator
Early meteorite bombardment of Earth
THE UNIVERSE IN POWERS OF TEN
HUBBLESITE
Hubble's HQ
SPACEWEATHER.COM
WHY IS THE SKY DARK AT NIGHT?
The lady who found dark matter
Jill Tarter - head of SETI, Jodi Foster's role model
Classroom astronomy
Astronomy for classroom teachers
SpaceWander
Eric Weisstein's world of astronomy
Hands-on universe
KidsAstronomy
A tour of Orion
MESSIER CATALOG GALLERY
Youth in astronomy
GENERAL GUIDE TO ASTRONOMY
RVAS New Member Links
FAQS FOR SCI.ASTRO
ASK THE SPACE SCIENTIST
SCALE OF THINGS
John Stewart's astronomy page
Earth is rare
More than one meteor killed dinosaurs
Earth's tranquil environment an anomaly?
Asteroids
Galileo Club | The Astronomical League
Galileo's instruments
Sun or Moon rise/set table
Comet Lulin

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TOOLS FOR GETTING STARTED

Andromeda Galaxy
COSMOS Encyclopedia of Astronomy
Avoid Bright Satellites (06/05/2019)
Star in a Star: Learning Astronomy, Teaching Astronomy (2018)
Beginner's Guide (2018)
2D is 3D (04/26/2017)
Excellent Dark Skies Binoculars
Astrophotography guide
Love the Night Sky (2016)
Teaching astronomy and space videos
Sky Marvels
Physics calculators
Eyepieces
Stella: Sol's sister found (May 10, 2014)
Dealing with dew
BEATING THE SEEING
ASTRONOMY DICTIONARY
STAR HOPPING
The constellations
Windows to the universe
Curious Skywatcher blog
World Science Blog
LIGHT FROM SPACE
YOUR SKY
Naval Observatory applications
Saturn Viewer 2.6
Jupiter observing guide
Uranus Viewer 2.3
Jupiter Viewer 1.2
Double star list in color
Telescopic and binocular asterisms
Understanding the Universe: 96 lectures on DVD
PURCHASING AMATEUR TELESCOPES
Tips for using your "go to" scope
EQUINOX 6 (EXCELLENT MAC SKY PROGRAM)
EYEPIECES DISCUSSION
SURFACE BRIGHTNESS
EASIEST GALAXIES IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
Telescopic limiting magnitude
S&T's INTERACTIVE OBSERVING TOOLS
Stargazing
Seeing in the dark
Curious skywatcher
GALAXY ZOO
Curious about astronomy?
Meade truss Dobsonians
Tripod astrophotography
APERTURE VERSUS LIGHT POLLUTION
HOW A BARLOW LENS WORKS
REFLECTOR VS. REFRACTOR
CHROMATIC ABBERATION IN REFRACTORS
APPARENT AND ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF OBSTRUCTION?
DIAGONALS: PRISMS VS. MIRRORS
GUIDE TO ASTRONOMY WITH BINOCULARS
Binoculars and constellations
SKY AND TELESCOPE MAGAZINE
ASTRONOMY magazine
Star Date online
SEE THE ISS AND SHUTTLE
HAWAIIAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY'S DEEP SKY ATLAS
CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN N. AMERICA
CLEAR SKY CLOCK
ASTRONOMICAL LEAGUE OBSERVING CLUBS
Astronomy For Beginners
Astrofind search engine

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SPACE FLIGHT & ETs

NASA team claims "impossible" space engine works (2016)
China's space program (2016)
CURIOSITY vs. HUMANS
Gale Crater: Curiosity drop zone
Landing people on Mars: 5 obstacles
Where are the 12 Moon walkers?
Apollo 11 film clips
Eight from UVA into space
Buzz Aldrin's vision for NASA
Apollo landing sites map
Helper 'bots' on Mars
Where to see a Saturn V rocket
40 Eridani (Omicron2 Eridani, Keid)
Epsilon Eridani in fiction
Herschel & Planck telescopes video
Herschel: biggest mirror in space video
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY
National Air and Space Museum
National Space Society
Nat'l Space Science Data Center
Goddard Space Flight Center
Pentagon-NASA Moon link
Extrasolar visions
NASA
Six signs that aliens might exist
Is Our Universe Ruled by Artificial Intelligence?
Search for alien life accelerates
Cells "from space" have unusual makeup
Asteroid vs. Moon missions
Spacecraft shoots Mercury
Future of space robots
Google's $30M Moon shot challenge
Amateur Future of Space Travel
Artificial Intelligence in spacecraft
We may be extraterrestrials
Vatican says aliens could exist
NASA's cosmic flock
VLBI space observatory
45 New "Super-Earths" discovered
LOCATIONS FOR LIFE ABOUND
Life? Europa vs. Titan
COROT - New planet hunter satellite
Telescope to spot alien beams
Intelligent beings in space
Voyager craft leaving solar system
Top 10 list of habitable stars to search
ASTROBIOLOGY MAGAZINE
CHRONOLOGY OF SPACE EXPLORATION
New Horizons spacecraft to Pluto
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
NASA HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT
Goddard News
Space and global security links
Telerobotics
Solar sails and plasma sails
To Mars and back In 90 days
THE MARS SOCIETY
High res. camera above Mars
Mars Global Surveyor
Europe's Mars rover
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Lakes and rivers on Mars
Mars missions
MARS by Percival Lowell
Phoenix Mars Scout Mission in 2007
First picture of Earth from Mars
Coronograph and interferometer in space
Terra satellite tracks global pollution
Asteroid hunting satellite
Phoenix lander to Mars' north pole in 2008
Mars Exploration Rover fact sheet
Asteroid defense system
Titan's organic soup
Earthlike planets common?
Nuclear craft to Jupiter?
Amsky spaceflight
Astronaut photography of Earth
NASA Image eXchange (NIX)
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
NASA Watch.com
NASAWatch.info
NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC)
Fake moon landings
Planetary data system
World space telescope?
JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE
Stars and habitable planets
Life on Earth and elsewhere
Vega has planets
Habitable zone BB
Dying stars may bring life to frozen worlds
Astrobiology at NASA
EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS CATALOG
EXTRASOLAR PLANETS ENCYCLOPAEDIA
Planet Quest
Great images in NASA

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THE SUN AND THE MOON

Rocket crash confirms water on Moon
Solar Terrestrial Dispatch
Our wandering Sun
Solar wind blows at 50-year low
Moon's craggiest region
KEITH'S MOON SITE
Do Sunspots Cause Global Warming?
Big Bear Solar Observatory
Sun's far side visible now
Solar images at SDAC
Solar FAQ
OUR SUN'S VIOLENT STELLAR NURSERY
LUNAR ATLAS
HOW MOON FEATURES ARE NAMED
Virtual Atlas of the Moon (freeware)
Exploring the Moon
Huygen's Sword
Inconstant Moon
Consolidated lunar atlas
LUNAR RESOURCES
Dust storms on the moon
OBSERVING THE SUN IN H-ALPHA
National Solar Observatory
New theory for Sun's origins
TOP 10 APOLLO ERA MOON DISCOVERIES
Perfect spot for Moon base
THE SUN
Voyager II detects solar system's edge
Origins of the Man In The Moon
Movie of Moon's libration and sizes
Alpine landscape on the Moon
Possibility of Sun's Nemesis
SOLAR AND LUNAR ECLIPSES
Full Moon names
Moon hoaxes debunked
Moon phases screen saver

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STARS AND STAR CLUSTERS

26 brightest stars
Naming stars
Cataclysmic variable stars
A gallery of stellar spectra
Where globular clusters are formed
Open star clusters
Stellar associations
Ursa Major Moving Group
T Tauri stars
Polaris dust nebula
Multiple "solar systems" likely
Sirius A & B
Stars by HR number
Stars in alphabetical order
STELLAR CLASSIFICATION
Stellar magnitudes
ASTRONOMICAL LEAGUE DOUBLE STARS
Double star list in color
GLOBULAR STAR CLUSTERS
OPEN STAR CLUSTERS
Cepheid database
NAKED EYE STAR CLUSTERS
Stars pronunciation guide
Star names
STELLAR EVOLUTION
Nature of stars
How stars are named
Massive blue star: LBV 1806-20
Rho Cassiopeiae - yellow hypergiant
Pistol star
First stars were brutes, but died young
The stellar magnitude system
Milky Way globular clusters
Globular cluster's core
NAMED STARS BY CLASS
Kepler's supernova
NEAR-EARTH SUPERNOVAS
Supernovae, supernova remnants
The minima of Algol
Barnard's Star
Nearby stars
Stars of Cassiopeia
Constellation families
The constellations
Constellation abbreviations
Constellations in different languages

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NON-VISUAL ASTRONOMY

Very Long Baseline Array
High-resolution infrared interferometry
Society of Amateur Radio Astronomers (SARA)
NASA's Radio JOVE Project
The JOVE Bulletin
Gamma ray map
XMM-Newton's massive discovery
Very Large Array updated
NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY
NASA great telescopes celebrate IYA
INFRARED ASTRONOMY
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)
GLAST: Exploring the Extreme Universe
VLA science highlights
Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope
HISTORY OF GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY
WHAT IS RADIO ASTRONOMY
EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE
BASICS OF RADIO ASTRONOMY
RADIO ASTRONOMY
HIGH-ENERGY ASTRONOMY
Allen Telescope Array
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
Electromagnetic spectrum
CHANDRA PHOTOS
TOP 20 IMAGES OF THE VLT

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MISCELLANEOUS

NASA and the origins of life
What is the speed of dark?
Space burials
MICROSOFT'S WORLDWIDE TELESCOPE
Astronomical constants
collectSPACE
Millisecond pulsars
Big Bang acoustics
Asteroid impacts accelerated life on Earth?
COSMOS - The SAO Encyclopedia of Astronomy
How life survived snowball Earth
Galaxy Zoo 2
From the dark side of the universe?
'Ghost of Mirach' is a vampire
Our galaxy's supermassive black hole
Super-microscope
Solar system's twin has two asteroid belts
Biggest question in the Universe
First image of an extrasolar planet
New view of the early Earth
The Astronomer's Home
Space junk
Comets = doom for exoplanet life
Mystery of the northern lights solved
Hypersonic water geysers on Enceladus
Minerals co-evolved with life
First "true scientist"
Alhazen, Ibn al-Haytham
Supernova birth observed
Logarithmic spirals
Galaxies twice as bright as they seem
Supernova Remnant Is Young and Quick
Planet locations from 1900 to 2100
Physical constants and astronomical data
Universe bigger and older?
Space info and projects
ASTRONOMY RESOURCES AT STSCI
The Astronomer's Telegram
ASTRONOMY ONLINE
Astrophysics Data System
C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
ASTRONOMY OF MANY CULTURES
HEAVENS ABOVE
USGS astrogeology
ASTRONOMER.COM
Java for astronomy
Universe might be pill-shaped
Virtual humans proposed as space travelers
UNDERSTANDING THE UNIVERSE
IMAGINE THE UNIVERSE
WINDOWS TO THE UNIVERSE
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE
Clear Skies Bryce Gallery of art
CONVERT ANYTHING TO ANYTHING ELSE
Ancient astronomy in Ireland
FROM STARGAZERS TO STARSHIPS
OPTICAL PHENOMENA
Optical formulae
Astrophysics
Astrometry and celestial mechanics
Julian day numbers
Image intensified astronomy
Magnitude calculator
THE LAWS LIST
Daylight time in the USA
Amateur astronomy observers' log
SpaceRef photo gallery
41" portable telescope
Extremely Large Telescope designed
History of astronomy
Space weather
Your weight on other worlds
Near earth object program
Eyepiece calculator
Telescope making web ring
Amateur telescope makers email list
Deep-sky quiz
Geostationary satellites
THE AMERICAN EUTOPIA [book] (1974)
ZOOM ASTRONOMY
Encyclopedia Smithsonian: science and technology
Our local interstellar cloud

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WEIRD AND AMAZING STUFF

Spitzer spots recent planet collision
Betelgeuse is mysteriously shrinking
Higgs boson
Weak interaction
Earth's major extinctions
The Great Dying
The Siberian Traps
Schwarzschild Radius
Black holes older than galaxies
Solar storm could shut down U.S. for months
Chesapeake Bay asteroid and life on Mars
Earth and Moon as alien worlds
V V Cephei - largest known star
Intergalactic "spider webs" found
'Space elevator' timetable
Where life found refuge during mass extinction
Dark matter detected beyond our observable universe
Dark matter beyond our observable universe and a Theory of Everything
Maximizing survival time inside a black hole
Mars took a gigantic punch
Saturn Moon Titan May Have Underground Ocean
Biggest star in the Universe?
Milky Way "loses" mass of a trillion stars
Milkomeda
Mystery world a merged planet?
Gigantic space cloud to collide with MW
Nearest galaxy superclusters
Massive Spiral Galaxy
Birthplace of dinosaur-killing asteroid
Earth may outlast red giant Sun
Gaping hole in Universe
ICE AGE BLAST RAVAGED AMERICA
King of supernovas
Theory links extinction to supernova
Milky Way's dark matter halo
Martian dust devils movie
Why seasons start on different dates
Gravitational force
The Higgs Boson
Einstein & speed of light
Dark energy
Earth's wild start
Mid-mass black holes
Does dark energy really exist?
Dawn of the universe/first stars
Supersizing galaxies
Dark matter
First dark matter galaxy discovered
Asteroids near Jupiter are comets
Huge space clouds may have caused mass extinctions
Modern Relativity
Origin of cosmic rays revealed
Killer rock opened door for big dinosaurs
Giant crater found: tied to worst mass extinction
Ray burst is extinction suspect
Chesapeake Bay impact crater
Supernova and ancient extinction?
Warp drive when?

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ORGANIZATIONS AND OBSERVATORIES

ASTRONOMICAL LEAGUE
ROANOKE VALLEY ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY (VA)
GE Dark Sky Observatory (Copper Hill, VA)
Charlottesville Astronomical Society (VA)
Blue Ridge Astronomy Club (VA)
Star City Astronomy Network (VA)
Northern VA Astronomical Society (VA)
Shenandoah Valley Stargazers (VA)
Back Bay Amateur Astronomers (VA)
ASTRONOMYCLUBS.COM
CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN N. AMERICA
American Astronomical Society
International Supernovae Network
Amateur observatories
Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
Canadian Astronomy Data Center
South African Astronomical Observatory
International Association of Astronomical Artists
International Occultation Timing Association
Great Lakes Planetarium Association (MI)
International Dark-Sky Association
Astro-officers egroup
The Royal Astronomical Society (UK)
Sherwood Observatory (UK) (2016)
British National Space Centre
Worldwide clubs and organizations
The Astronomical Society of NSW Inc (Australia)
Astronomy in Japan
Dubai Astronomy Group (Dubai)
Association of Lunar & Planetary Observers
American Assoc. of Variable Star Observers
Auroral activity observation network
American Meteor Society
North American Meteor Network
Houston Astronomical Society (TX)
Astronomical Society of Nevada (NV)
Tonopah Astronomical Society (NV)
Las Vegas Astronomical Society (NV)
Mount Cuba Astronomical Observatory (DE)
Northern Colorado Astronomical Society (CO)
Astronomy Club of Asheville (NC)
N.E. Florida Astronomical Society (FL)
Riverside Astronomical Society (CA)
Ventura County Astronomical Society (CA)
York County Astronomical Society (PA)
Astronomical Society of the Desert (CA)
Central Texas Astronomical Society
Astronomy in Arizona (AZ)
Tucson Amateur Astronomy Association (AZ)
Kalamazoo Astronomical Society (MI)
Naperville Astronomical Association (IL)
Roper Mountain astronomers (SC)
Rose City Astronomers (OR)
International Astronomical Union
Caltech astronomy
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
25 college observatories
Capella Observatory
Three College Observatory (NC)
Tamke-Allan Observatory (TN)
Grasslands Observatory (AZ)
Pisgah Astron. Research Institute (NC)
Giant binocular telescope's vision
Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
Great surveyor in Chile
Astronomy tourism in Chile
KECK OBSERVATORY
Subaru's eye improves 10X
SALT sees first light
United States Naval Observatory
Canada France Hawaii Telescope
MCDONALD OBSERVATORY
Weird telescopes
Antarctic telescope to best Hubble?
Dome C - word's greatest viewing site
NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY
Hayden Planetarium

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SOLAR SYSTEM OBSERVING

Planets Visible Tonight (2019)
NEW PHYSICS and THE SOLAR CORONA (11/09/2017)
Martian valley networks
Lunar & planetary filters
S&T's INTERACTIVE OBSERVING TOOLS
Our solar system
THE PLANETS
Ceres
Uranus
Find Uranus' moons
Neptune's moon Triton
Neptune Viewer 2.1
Inner Solar System
ESA's Venus Express
Where are Venus' moons?
Saturn's Enceladus has liquid water
PLANETARY PHOTOJOURNAL
International MarsWatch
Frozen sea may harbour Martian life
Half of Mars may have Ice
New views of Jupiter
Mars Global Surveyor images
Animated Victoria Crater on Mars
Mars today
WHOLE MARS CATALOG
Mercury a hit-and-run planet?
Amateur images Venus's surface
Saturn's rings
Signs of water in Mars
Saturn's F ring is a spiral
Enceladus' icy blasts feed E Ring
Asteroids
Solar System in 3-D
HOURLY AURORAL ACTIVITY
NORTH AMERICAN METEOR NETWORK
Cometography
Eclipse Chasers
Satellite passes over cities
Meteor observing mailing list
ECLIPSES: SUN, MOON, PLANETS
OBSERVABLE COMETS

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DEEP SKY OBSERVING

Supernovae
Supernova remnants
Milky Way globular clusters
Globular clusters in the Andromeda galaxy
G1 - Best globular in M31
Extragalactic globulars
Globular clusters in M33
Trifid Nebula
Barred spiral galaxies
WIKISKY.ORG
Sizing up the universe
Hubble slide show
GALAXY ZOO
STEVE GOTLIEB'S NGC NOTES
ADVENTURES IN DEEP SPACE
Galaxies with proper names
ADVENTURES IN DEEP SPACE
NGC images (Australia)
Gallery of planetary nebula spectra
Multimission data archive
Hubble Heritage Project
Spectra of hot and cold stars
Observing "down under"
Hubble Deep Fields
Hercules galaxy cluster
CALDWELL CATALOG
HERSCHEL 400 CATALOGUE
STAR CLUSTERS AND NEBULAE WITHIN 10,000 LIGHT YEARS
Ursa Major Moving Group
Nearest 15,000 galaxies
Internet Amateur Astronomers Catalog
HUBBLE GALAXIES DESCRIBED
BIG LICK GALAXY GROUP
Globular cluster photometry table
Huge faint galaxy now merging with MW
M42 and the trapezium
Polaris' real companion star
THE WHOLE NGC
Deepsky visual brightness calculator
COMMON DEEP SKY CATALOGS
CATALOG OF BRIGHT NEBULAE
CATALOG OF BRIGHT OPEN CLUSTERS
CATALOG OF BRIGHT PLANETARIES
Best of AOP: planetary nebulae
PLANETARY NEBULAE SITES
Abell planetaries
CATALOG OF BRIGHT GALAXIES
Focus on downtown Virgo
CATALOG OF BRIGHT GLOBULAR CLUSTERS
NED - MILLIONS OF SOURCES
SIMBAD - MILLIONS OF OBJECTS
Einstein's Cross
DSS VIEWING GUIDE
NetAstroCatalog
Dwarf spheroidal galaxies
Orion's colors
VIEWING OBJECTS OFF THE BEATEN PATH
Deep-sky observers' forum
BEST OBJECTS IN NGC
BEST NON-MESSIER OBJECTS
CALDWELL LIST
Caldwell maps & images
Messier objects in the Milky Way
The Local Group of galaxies
GALAXY GROUPS AND CLUSTERS OBSERVING PROGRAM
MESSIER VISIBLE DATABASE
GALAXY IMAGES: NGC, IC, PGC, UGC, ETC.
BEST SKY OBJECTS FROM SAAO LATITUDE
RASC'S FINEST NGC OBJECTS
SIGNIFICANT NON-MESSIER OBJECTS
MW globulars
Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
SUPERNOVA REMNANTS
Supernova links
Supernova images
OBSERVING DEEP SKY OBJECTS
Atlas of the Andromeda galaxy
4,000+ OBSERVATION REPORTS
Common names for deep sky objects
H.A.S. challenging deep sky objects
Deep sky databases to download
3C 273 - the brightest quasar
Twin quasar
SEVENTEEN BRIGHT QUASARS

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SPACE IMAGES

Crescent Nebula
Steve Mazlin's astroimaging gallery
Orion Nebula (Hubble)
Tycho's supernova remnant
Close-up view of Einstein Cross
Large Magellanic Cloud image & map
Thousand-ruby galaxy
Galaxies gone wild
Hubble colliding galaxies
M81 and M82 at war
Sombrero galaxy remixed
Canis Major Dwarf
Messier Object 79
The Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, SagDEG
Barnard's atlas of the Milky Way
Messier Object 54
NOAO gallery: galaxies
SkyView virtual observatory
Space.com image galleries
NSSDC PHOTO GALLERY
PLANETARY IMAGES
Cassini imaging diary
HUBBLE'S ULTRA DEEP FIELD
SDSS images of selected RC3 galaxies
Hubble's latest views of Uranus and Neptune
M87's jet
Whirlpool Galaxy and companion
AURA/NOAO IMAGES OF MESSIER OBJECTS
DEEP SKY OBJECTS
2MASS LARGE GALAXY ATLAS
DIGITAL IMAGES
Digital astro gallery
Kitt Peak Advanced Observing Program images
HUBBLE DEEP FIELD
SKYVIEW VIRTUAL OBSERVATORY
NOAO IMAGE GALLERY
SUPERNOVA IMAGES
CCD images of Messier objects
Stellar scenes by season

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AMATEUR CCD ASTRONOMY

Avoid Bright Satellites (06/05/2019)
ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY BY MICHAEL R. GOOD
Starry Estate: GARY HATFIELD'S PAGE
GALAXY PHOTOMETRY TABLE
MULTIPLE AMATEUR CCD PAGES
ASTRONOMICAL FORMULAE
Starizona's guide to CCD imaging
AL KELLY'S CCD INSTRUCTION GUIDE
Download Photoshop FITS Liberator
An SCT site for beginners
Astrophotography by Jerry Lodriguss
ROBERT GENDLER'S ASTRO GALLERY
Josch Hambsch's CCD imaging
Astrophotography by Jordi Gallego
Steve Mandel's astrophotography
CENTER FOR BACKYARD ASTROPHYSICS
LATEST BRIGHT SUPERNOVAE
Misti Mountain Observatory
BlackBird Observatory
Schurs astrophotography
ADAPTIVE OPTICS
Cosmotography- CCD images
Amateur lucky imaging
Long exposures with web cams
Richard Jacobs' CCD images
Star Shadows remote observatory (NM)
Panther Observatory
Astro photos - Tony and Daphne Hallas
Randy Brewers astronomy
High resolution imaging - Thierry Legault
AstroStack
Registax
AVI editor
Astrophotography by Mario Cogo
DARK SKY PHOTOS OF MIKE OVERACKER
Astronomical photography by Chris Cook

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LINKS WITH MANY LINKS

CONTINGENT UNIVERSE LINKS
Uncle Al's astronomy links
ICSTARS astronomy links
Best science web sites
Telescope making links
ATM links
Astronomy resources
HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY LINKS
Starheads database of contacts
OBSERVATORIES LIST
Astrophysics in cyberspace
LARGEST FULL-TEXT DATABASES
HUNDREDS OF ASTRONOMY LINKS
Deep sky catalogs
Planetary resources
MANY UNUSUAL LINKS
Astronomylinks.com
WOMEN IN SCIENCE LINKS
MSU physics and astronomy Links
ASP astronomy links
Virtual Times astronomy links
Astronomy educational links
PHYSICS LINKS
Astronomy resources for kids
SkyWatch astronomy links
CDS: THE CATALOGUE OF CATALOGUES
Various astronomy links
Astronomy links for kids
Sea and Sky: astronomy inks
Astronomy links for teachers
Antarctic astronomy links

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